\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u544a\u8a34\u60a8\u7684\u8eca\u8f1b\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u5f88\u8457\u6025\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u5e36\u60a8\u8d70\u4e0a\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u5230\u9054\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u99d5\u99db\u6c7d\u8eca \uff08AV\uff09 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 ChatGPT \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u804a\u5929\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u4e0b\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u804a\u5929\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u7531\u7a31\u70ba\u5927\u578b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5be6\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Imagine simply telling your vehicle, “I’m in a hurry,” and it automatically takes you on the most efficient route to where you need to be.
\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u544a\u8a34\u60a8\u7684\u8eca\u8f1b\u201c\u6211\u5f88\u8457\u6025\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u5e36\u60a8\u8d70\u4e0a\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u5230\u9054\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Purdue University engineers have found that an autonomous vehicle (AV) can do this with the help of ChatGPT or other chatbots made possible by artificial intelligence algorithms called large language models.
\u666e\u6e21\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u99d5\u99db\u6c7d\u8eca \uff08AV\uff09 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 ChatGPT \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u804a\u5929\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u4e0b\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u804a\u5929\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u7531\u7a31\u70ba\u5927\u578b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5be6\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The study, to be presented Sept. 25 at the 27th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, may be among the first experiments testing how well a real AV can use large language models to interpret commands from a passenger and drive accordingly.
\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u5c07\u65bc 9 \u6708 25 \u65e5\u5728\u7b2c 27 \u5c46 IEEE \u667a\u6167\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7d71\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\u771f\u5be6\u81ea\u52d5\u99d5\u99db\u6c7d\u8eca\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u578b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u4e58\u5ba2\u547d\u4ee4\u4e26\u64da\u6b64\u99d5\u99db\u7684\u9996\u6279\u5be6\u9a57\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ziran Wang, an assistant professor in Purdue’s Lyles School of Civil and Construction Engineering who led the study, believes that for vehicles to be fully autonomous one day, they’ll need to understand everything that their passengers command, even when the command is implied. A taxi driver, for example, would know what you need when you say that you’re in a hurry without you having to specify the route the driver should take to avoid traffic.
\u9818\u5c0e\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u666e\u6e21\u5927\u5b78\u840a\u723e\u65af\u571f\u6728\u8207\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u9662\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388 Ziran Wang \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8981\u8b93\u8eca\u8f1b\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u52d5\u99d5\u99db\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e58\u5ba2\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7576\u60a8\u8aaa\u60a8\u5f88\u5306\u5fd9\u6642\uff0c\u8a08\u7a0b\u8eca\u53f8\u6a5f\u6703\u77e5\u9053\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u6307\u5b9a\u53f8\u6a5f\u61c9\u8a72\u8d70\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4ea4\u901a\u64c1\u5835\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Although today’s AVs come with features that allow you to communicate with them, they need you to be clearer than would be necessary if you were talking to a human. In contrast, large language models can interpret and give responses in a more humanlike way because they are trained to draw relationships from huge amounts of text data and keep learning over time.
\u5118\u7ba1\u4eca\u5929\u7684 AV \u5177\u6709\u5141\u8a31\u60a8\u8207\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u9700\u8981\u60a8\u6bd4\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u4ea4\u8ac7\u6642\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u66f4\u50cf\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u7d66\u51fa\u97ff\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u7d93\u904e\u8a13\u7df4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u672c\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u4e0d\u65b7\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“The conventional systems in our vehicles have a user interface design where you have to press buttons to convey what you want, or an audio recognition system that requires you to be very explicit when you speak so that your vehicle can understand you,” Wang said. “But the power of large language models is that they can more naturally understand all kinds of things you say. I don’t think any other existing system can do that.”
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Conducting a new kind of study In this study, large language models didn’t drive an AV. Instead, they were assisting the AV’s driving using its existing features. Wang and his students found through integrating these models that an AV could not only understand its passenger better, but also personalize its driving to a passenger’s satisfaction. Before starting their experiments, the researchers trained ChatGPT with prompts that ranged from more direct commands (e.g., “Please drive faster”) to more indirect commands (e.g., “I feel a bit motion sick right now”). As ChatGPT learned how to respond to these commands, the researchers gave its large language models parameters to follow, requiring it to take into consideration traffic rules, road conditions, the weather and other information detected by the vehicle’s sensors, such as cameras and light detection and ranging. The researchers then made these large language models accessible over the cloud to an experimental vehicle with level four autonomy as defined by SAE International. Level four is one level away from what the industry considers to be a fully autonomous vehicle. When the vehicle’s speech recognition system detected a command from a passenger during the experiments, the large language models in the cloud reasoned the command with the parameters the researchers defined. Those models then generated instructions for the vehicle’s drive-by-wire system — which is connected to the throttle, brakes, gears and steering — regarding how to drive according to that command. For some of the experiments, Wang’s team also tested a memory module they had installed into the system that allowed the large language models to store data about the passenger’s historical preferences and learn how to factor them into a response to a command. The researchers conducted most of the experiments at a proving ground in Columbus, Indiana, which used to be an airport runway. This environment allowed them to safely test the vehicle’s responses to a passenger’s commands while driving at highway speeds on the runway and handling two-way intersections. They also tested how well the vehicle parked according to a passenger’s commands in the lot of Purdue’s Ross-Ade Stadium. The study participants used both commands that the large language models had learned and ones that were new while riding in the vehicle. Based on their survey responses after their rides, the participants expressed a lower rate of discomfort with the decisions the AV made compared to data on how people tend to feel when riding in a level four AV with no assistance from large language models. The team also compared the AV’s performance to baseline values created from data on what people would consider on average to be a safe and comfortable ride, such as how much time the vehicle allows for a reaction to avoid a rear-end collision and how quickly the vehicle accelerates and decelerates. The researchers found that the AV in this study outperformed all baseline values while using the large language models to drive, even when responding to commands the models hadn’t already learned.
\u958b\u5c55\u65b0\u578b\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u9a57\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u793a\u4f86\u8a13\u7df4 ChatGPT\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u63d0\u793a\u7bc4\u570d\u5f9e\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u8acb\u5feb\u9ede\u958b\u8eca\u201d\uff09\u5230\u66f4\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u611f\u89ba\u6709\u9ede\u6688\u52d5\u201d\uff09\u3002\u96a8\u8457 ChatGPT \u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u70ba\u5176\u5927\u578b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5b83\u8003\u616e\u4ea4\u901a\u898f\u5247\u3001\u9053\u8def\u72c0\u6cc1\u3001\u5929\u6c23\u4ee5\u53ca\u8eca\u8f1b\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u651d\u50cf\u982d\u548c\u5149\u7dda\u6aa2\u6e2c\u548c\u6e2c\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0cWang \u7684\u5718\u968a\u9084\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5b89\u88dd\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u8a72\u6a21\u7d44\u5141\u8a31\u5927\u578b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5b58\u5132\u6709\u95dc\u4e58\u5ba2\u6b77\u53f2\u504f\u597d\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u4e26\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u5206\u89e3\u70ba\u5c0d\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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